Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats
By: Dr. Katie Vance
Published November 1, 2024
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common metabolic disease in cats, with most affected cats being geriatric (>10 years of age). CKD is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. This progressive condition affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products from the blood, leading to a range of health issues. Because this is a progressive disease, patients with CKD are categorized into stages along a continuum as the disease progresses. In cats, this condition often develops silently, with symptoms emerging only in the later stages. Risk factors include age, genetics, and certain underlying health conditions. Understanding CKD is crucial for cat owners, as early detection and management can significantly improve a cat’s quality of life.
Symptoms to Watch For:
As CKD progresses, you may notice a variety of symptoms in your cat:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Decreased appetite or weight loss
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Poor coat condition
- Bad breath (often described as “uremic breath”)
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosing CKD involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and urinalysis. Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, along with changes in urine concentration, are key indicators. While CKD is incurable, it is manageable. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and maintaining a good quality of life. Treatment involves:
- Diet: A prescription renal diet can help reduce the workload on the kidneys. It is formulated to be lower in protein and phosphorus and provide all essential nutrients.
- Hydration: Encouraging water intake is vital. In later stages some cats benefit from subcutaneous fluids.
- Medications: Medications can be prescribed to manage symptoms such as nausea/vomiting and reduced appetite. Complications of CKD such as hypertension, protein loss through the kidneys, and/or anemia, can also be managed medically.
1.) Environmental Changes:
- Changes in a cat’s environment, such as moving to a new home or the introduction/loss of pets or people can create stress. Cats may respond by overgrooming as a coping mechanism.
- Cats that are bored or under-stimulated may resort to excessive grooming as a form of self entertainment. Ensuring your cat has interactive toys and enrichment activities can help alleviate this behavior.
- In some cases, overgrooming can develop into a compulsive disorder. This is often a response to ongoing stress or frustration.
The Importance of Regular Check-Ups
Regular veterinary visits are crucial for cats, especially as they age. Routine blood work can catch CKD in its early stages, allowing for timely intervention. With proper care and management, many cats can lead comfortable and fulfilling lives for many years. As a cat owner, being proactive about your pet’s health can make all the difference!
